NTT DoCoMo shuts down its 2G network

After 20 years of service, NTT DoCoMo shuts down its 2G network. It was Japan's digital phone services (i-mode was launched in 1999 on this network) that was initiator of mobile internet service. According to Eurotechnology Japan, the last 2G phone was shipped in December 2007.

Deadlines

I love deadlines. I like the whooshing sound they make as they fly by.

Douglas Adams, author of the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

 

Applicable to product / project managers!



The seven nations where SIM cards outnumber people

Would you have guessed them?
Finland (at 125%!), Australia, Japan, Sweden, Denmark, Korea and the United States.

Technically, according to this Register article, these countries have more mobile data accounts than people.

And where is the UK on this chart? At 75%

Product Manager is a janitor basically

A great blog post. A Product Manager is a:

1. CEO
2. Coach
3. Engineer
4. Janitor
5. Hammer
6. Router
7. Super User
8. Inventor
9. Ghost
10. Your Product

Click on the link to find out why!

Global sales of 4G phones to double to 500 million

CCS Insight reports, in its Mobile Phone forecast - April 2014 (thanks to article in Mobile News article), sales of 4G phones are set to double this year and rise to 1.2 billion in 2018, accounting for over half of the 2.4 billion phones sold in that year.

It is anticipated that the key driver [for that adoption] will be the cost of 4G phones falling below €€100 in the second half of this year, with most operators removing any premium for using the services.

Globally, CCS Insight is predicting unit sales will grow from 1.95 billion in 2014 to 2.29 billion in 2018. Smartphone sales will make up 64 per cent of sales this year and 82 per cent in four years time.

From this, the proportion of 4G-enabled sales will almost double from 26 per cent to 51 per cent, with 56 per cent of phones sold in Western-Europe this year being 4G-enabled.

Across the board, the analyst also expects the average selling price (ASP) of mobiles to fall this year from $168 this year (£100) to $154 (£92) in 2018.

The forecast predicts that Android’s, which accounted for 79 per cent of the one billion smartphones sold last year, will see its dominance continue. Despite doubts over the commitment from manufacturers to Windows Phone, it said its ability to compete at lower price points and taking advantage of BlackBerry’s recent decline will enable it to benefit.

6.7 million UK adults have never gone online

Office for National Statistics reports that 87% of the adult British public now has some internet experience, resulting in a total of 44.3 million users. This still leaves 13% or 6.7 million without the benefit.

Clearly, there's an age skew: 36% of adults aged over 75 and 69% for those aged 65-74 had been online.
 
And there's another skew - geographic: London, for instance, has the highest proportion of internet users at a total of 90%. In comparison, Northern Ireland, despite having the best coverage of superfast broadband in the UK, has the lowest with just 79%.

Number of SMS Messages sent falls - a point of no return

Gone are the glory days of SMS messaging when usage was exploding at 30% a year. Two reports show that 2012 was the zenith of SMS and more grim figures are to follow.

A Deloitte study reports that 145 billion SMSs were sent in the UK in 2013, down a sliver from 138 billion (a drop of a mere 5%). Users are substituting SMS with instant messaging services like WhatsApp, Viber, Snapchat and Facebook to stay in touch.

There were 160 billion instant messages last year and this figure is predicted to nearly double to 300 billion by the end of 2014.

This has occurred because instant messages (note that the apps listed above support images, video and even audio - quite a concept when you think about it! - between users) sent over data are free and group texting is easier (remember my own start-up providing MiCircles, faithful readers?)

The operators have already responded - SMS are virtually given away - except for the odd entry level contract where SMS packages are unlimited.

At similar, woeful story comes from Strategy Analytics (Operator Revenue from SMS, MMS on The Decline): global SMS & MMS revenue fell by almost 4 percent last year to just below $104 Billion. By 2017, 20% reduction in revenue is projected, with regions with a high penetration of smart phones set to see the biggest drop off in revenue: revenue in America is estimated to fall by 38% and an 28% drop in Western Europe.

Broadband is the most important invention of the Naughties

Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) surveyed 2,000 UK adults aged between 16 and 75 to name the best tech developments of the last decade. (Story from Engineering and Technology Magazine.)

Results: 53% said broadband, ahead of smartphones and satellite navigation. 1% each for on-demand TV and Android smartphone apps.

Trading our privacy for functionality

If consume a free product, then stop and think:

If you aren't paying for the product, then you are the product.

From an excellent ReadWrite article:

Lost in the furor over government spying on its citizens is an inconvenient truth: personal data is the new currency of the 21st century, and until we rein in our desire to spend it we can't really stop others' desires to spy on it.

But we are the ones happily selling ourselves for a few more gigabytes of storage, or a way to talk with friends. We used to pay for such things with money. Now we pay with our private details through our personal details.

The public has to ask itself a hard question: Do we care? Or are we happy to sell little pieces of our online selves in the name of ease and convenience?

Virgin Media records its highest ever broadband traffic on 5th Jan

In the UK, Sunday 5th January was the day before back-to-skool Monday after the traditional two week shutdown over Christmas.

SimplifyDigital reports:

At its peak, between the hours of 8pm and 9pm, 1.67Tb of data per second was flowing back and forth between Virgin Media and its customers, with a total of over 11.55 Petabytes being delivered over the 24 hour period.

One can only assume that consumers had finally worked out how to connect their new tablets (that they received on Christmas Day) to their wi-fi and were happily streaming a ton of TV to their new toy.

Watching TV Online

36% of UK internet users confirmed they watch online content every single week, much more than consumers in Germany, France, Spain and Italy. See Simplify Digital for more

Mobile Subscriptions to rise to 9.3 billion by 2019

According to latest  Ericsson Mobile Report, mobile subscriptions will rise to 9.3 billion by 2019.

Wow, I thought that's a lot. Then the report went on to say that total mobile subscriptions currently stands at 6.6 billion.

Look at the explosion in data usage:

Johan Wibergh, Executive Vice President and Head of Business Unit Networks, discusses the latest Mobility Report:

The rise of Google Chrome

This graph from the Economist (Daily Chart - Browse beaten) shows how many Internet Explorer users have migrated to Chrome.


According to another Economist article Chrome rules the web:

Chrome is now responsible for about 43% of all the web traffic generated by the world’s desktop computers. When Chrome was launched the dominant browser was Microsoft’s Internet Explorer (IE), with a 68% share—it is now down to just 25%.

The penetration of Android on mobile phones and now tablets will surely increase this dominance.

The use cases of 4G

In a previous blog post, I laid out the status of 4G mobile roll-out.

Everything Everywhere, the operator with the most advanced 4G deployment has released their 4G Mobile Living Index Report.

Clearly it is brochure bigging up 4G, but my inbuilt skepticism kicks in. Reading the report, there are some interesting snippets:

• People are sharing videos and pictures over 4G, leading to network upload traffic overtaking download traffic at key events.

The key task that has been enhanced with 4G is video streaming (ie downloading). Reading emails, posting on social networks - network speed isn't a major differentiator for these tasks exactly - but network coverage is. However, if you have bought a whizzy 4G phone, then it will have a nice 5Mb / 8Mb / 12Mb camera. If you wish to upload a photo to Twitter (who immediately compress it to <500kb a="" another="" appear="" be="" it="" media="" nbsp="" or="" p="" process.="" site="" social="" tedious="" to="" will="">
What is really interesting is 4G usage for tablets:

Looking at 4G-capable tablets and smartphones, there is a marked difference in how the devices are being used. Broadly, smartphones match general web browsing usage patterns (see previous page of the PDF Report) and tablets reflect streaming.

It demonstrates how the smartphone on a 4G network is an integral part of daily life, with activity beginning relatively early in the morning and only tailing-off just before midnight. With 4G, the promise of the "always online" generation becomes a reality.

The bottom graph displays iPad usage. It peaks markedly in the evening, highlighting that not only do 4G users like to stream on their tablet devices, but that the tablet is less a feature of the normal working day for most people than the smartphone. There is a small peak around 4pm on the iPad graph that likely indicates children use it either upon return from school or when travelling home.

I conclude that tablets are a leisure device - particularly for junior members of the family. Dad is watching the football on the main TV and the children bounce in between games, messaging and watching a TV programme on their tablet.

Opera make a browser specifically for the iPad

I make no secret of the fact that I am a massive Opera fan. They have produced a browser just for tablets.

I applaud the decision - which recognises that a touch only interface impacts the User Interaction.

However, given the availability of hybrid devices (ie tablets that have keyboard docks) I'm not sure of the merits of this being a stand alone app - ie separate from standard Opera. Surely this would be best as a 'mode of use' option? It would be great if Opera sensed whether the user was in tablet mode or in laptop mode (ie with keyboard) and popped up an invitation to switch into an alternative user mode.

I would be most interested in feedback as to how Opera Tablet works.

The state of 4G in the UK

Many column inches has been written this week about the state of 4G, as Vodafone and O2 launched their 4G services on Thursday. There's no need to bore you with the summary here as you can get it elsewhere. As I work for CInergy International whose biggest customer is the mobile operator, Everything Everywhere, these market developments are important.

So, EE have had the 'mindshare' of the market for the past 10 months, being the only provider with 4G. They have publicly stated that they want a million 4G customers by the end of this year (see Everything Everywhere sees strong takeup of 4G).

Having walked the floors of their call centres, specifically in the Sales and Retention areas, then I can assure you that the deals for home broadband and 4G mobile (in particularly in combination) are amazing.

Pricing

According to Mobile News:

• EE have strongly differentiated the pricing of their 4G plans from their 3G plans - mainly because they can.
• Vodafone and O2 will be adding £5 premium for their 4G plans.
• 3 will be charging the same price as their existing plans.

Operators are assuming that the faster speeds will encourage more consumption, meaning that consumers will feel obliged to purchase more expensive bundles with greater data allowances.

In my mind, the entrance of Vodafone and O2 really opens up the market.

News from this week's 4G Coverage

However, below are some of the interesting nuggets from the coverage this week:

• Three will launch 4G in 3 cities in December (fortunately for 3 and for consumers these are: London, Birmingham and Manchester). See Mobile News.
• Note that Three have upgraded their network to be 3.5G - giving perfectly tolerable speeds of  > 10Mbps.
• For existing 3 customers to upgrade to 4G, they with a 4G compatible device will need to instal software, but do not need to sign a new contract, change tariffs, swap SIMs or visit a store. (We'll see how successful that upgrade programme is!)
• The iPhone 5, works on the 1800 Mhz spectrum only. EE uses this frequency whereas O2 or Vodafone's uses different frequencies. One assumes that the anticipated release of the next iPhone will solve this problem.

4G Coverage plans

EE still leading, as you'd expect, having launched first.

• Three - 98% cent of the population by the end of 2015.
• EE - 98% coverage by the end of 2014
• O2 and Vodafone - 98 per cent “by 2015”.

Network Frequency

Frequency is important for 4G - and has shaped the way the market has developed. (See Vodafone and O2 begin limited roll-out of 4G networks.)

• The 800MHz band which was previously used for TV signals. This low frequency spectrum is best for providing long-distance 4G services, helping give access to the countryside, as well as offering superior indoor coverage.
• The 1.8GHz band, previously used for 2G and 3G networks, but can be reassigned for 4G.
• The 2.6GHz band, which had previously been used by operators of cord-free video cameras to send back footage of live events, including London's Olympic Games. The high frequency can deliver faster speeds across smaller distances, making it best suited for densely populated cities. 

What the operators bought

• EE built its 4G network by re-appropriating some of the 1.8GHz spectrum bandwidth previously used for its 2G and 3G services. It has since bought space on both the 800Mhz and 2.6Ghz bands.
• Vodafone paid the most for its spectrum bands, buying part of the 800Mhz and 2.6GHz bands for just over £790m.
• O2 paid £550m for part of the 800MHz spectrum and Three paid £225m for other parts of the same band. 

IT slurps 10 % of all electricity production

This report, sponsored by the National Mining Association and the American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity, claims that IT needs 1,500 terawatt hours of energy per year - or about 10% of global electricy production. See The Cloud Begins With Coal – Big Data, Big Networks, Big Infrastructure, and Big Power (August 2013).

This figure is a headline grabber, but it is a slightly misleading title as the cloud isn't cloud computing. The report considers the energy cost of production of the hardware, the energy required to keep networks humming etc. However The Register notes that the report:

ignores the data centers the video is served out of, and tablet charging. 

I recall this report by the EPA in 2007 which estimated that US data centers consumed 1.5% of US electricity production, and was projected to rise to 3 percent by 2011.

There is the strong possibility of a major shift in IC power design which could radically change these figures. Cambridge-based ARM has started its foray into server chips and Interworx (who may have a bias!) think it is significant: What ARM In The Data Center Means For Hosting Companies.

Musings from a startup entrepreneur

These insights from a successful, start-up CEO (Dharmesh Shah of Hubspot) on made me nod in agreement and chuckle: Startups: 10 Things MBA Schools Won't Teach You:

I particularly liked the following points - which I paraphrase:

2. Start-ups need to be clear about what they are not doing.
Everyone knows that a business plan is an extremely creative piece of literature that projects lot of results about lots of decisions made in the future. The purpose of writing business plans to primarily to do lots of thinking about scenarios so that when you reach a decision cross roads, some of the factors to be considered might be familiar to the management team - thereby preventing either paralysis or constantly switching strategy.

5. Pricing is discovered in the market
ie in customer conference rooms in pre-sales, in project planning meetings with customers, NOT in Excel in the office!

6. "Every time you add a new product or product option a small part of your company dies"
It just becomes messier on virtually every front! Treat product extensions with caution!

7. Marketing is about more than .... the right shade of blue for your logo.
Oh, the hours that have been spent on colour palettes, the depth of drop shadowing, the size of the font on the slogan underneath the corporate logo. It makes me want to pound the table and cry!

Weakness of Crowd Funding

Crowd funding is now a recognised mechanism for raising entrepreneurial money. However I remain sceptical of its merits. Raising money in the public domain (or rather semi-public domain - it isn't quite an wide open-access web page with every excruciating detail listed) doesn't fill me with confidence.

At its best, it may well find  a niche for public service initiatives or for social enterprises.

I wouldn't favour crowd funding for these reasons.

1. Too many investors make for a lot of overhead
Having been a co-founder of a start-up, presenting to potential investors, soliciting feedback and answering questions were interesting for the first, second or third time. However, it did become a slog. I was delighted that my fellow co-founder, Simon Grice, led our fund raising efforts. As for dealing with investors, taking their telephone calls, responding (nicely as possible) to their emails was, in general - some exceptions did exist, a massive time soak.

Investors do have a right to question the management team on their progress and their strategy. Given that investment in early stage start-ups is illiquid and investors can't, for all practical purposes, sell their shares, they must pitch into the business and help it out. However, throwing stones at their investment is destructive - it debilitates the very thing that they are trying to nurture and soaks up time from the key members of the management time are really required to focus on the business of making the company successful, rather than fighting 'internal' battles.

Christian Salaman, Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP: expressed it elegantly : "The sophisticated entrepreneur does not want dozens of cooks in the kitchen."

This raises an interesting question: is crowd funding useful for an 'unsophisticated' entrepreneur'? In reality no, an 'unsophisticated' entrepreneur would be best to surround his company with a bevy of mentors before going into the lion's den of a crowd funding round.


2. Issue of Confidentially
Crowd-funding means that many more people have access to the 'magic sauce' that makes your business special. If it is a low-tech or a life-style business then the 'magic sauce' is the management team's personnel, their connections, their knowledge of the market etc. High-tech businesses, on the other hand, are likely to build intellectual property which is in greater danger of being pinched by others.

So crowd funding is not suitable if there are first mover advantages in the market.

3. Higher transaction costs
Deals are likely to be smaller and therefore the legal cost of executing an investment transaction are likely to be proportionally higher.

Here's the perspective from the US lawyers.

Attorney Brian Korn, of counsel at Pepper Hamilton LLP said in this article Is Crowd funding Dead On Arrival? A Legal Perspective:

It puts big deal procedures and liability on small deals. The expense of complying with crowd funding, combined with the low issuer maximum that can be raised ($1 million over a trailing 12 month period) will be prohibitive for most issuers.

I would estimate crowd funding expenses would surpass 15% or 20% on many transactions.

Only those transactions that cannot be done by any other means will be done through crowd funding, which potentially will make the crowd funding issuer universe potentially a world of dregs, cast-offs and Hail Marys. This lays the riskiest investments at the doorstep of those investors that can least afford the risk.  

Teens are bored with Facebook, but Mr Zuckerburg needn't be worried

According to this article on Business Insider, teens are losing interest in Facebook and they're seeking a more private, intimate place to share with close friends. (Let's face it if your Dad's on Facebook, it can't be cool!)

Instead they are becoming obsessed by Instagram and Snapchat. Fortunately for Facebook, Mr Zuckerberg personally negotiated the purchase Instagram for sweet $2bn in April 2012 (see TheNextWeb article on the acquisition story).